http://classweb.gmu.edu/biologyresources/writingguide/ScientificPaper.htm
What are the steps of the scientific method?
I think this should add a little more to answering your questions.
First you have to decide what question(s) you want to answer — what hypothesis you want to test in relation to your theory. On that basis, you choose your variables for your experiment. The independent variable — the potential cause or stimulus for change — is typically manipulated by the experimenter. The dependent variable measures the effect or response to changing the independent variable.
The experimental and control groups are treated the same, except that the experimental group gets the independent variable, while the control group gets nothing or a placebo — some inactive ingredient to make them think they are getting the independent variable.
Both groups are treated alike in every other way to control for confounding variables — sometimes called extraneous variables — which might otherwise effect the dependent variable. Library (in addition to online) research in the area of your experiment is needed to discover what these variables might be.
As an example, suppose you hypothesize that an additive in toothpaste will reduce cavities. Randomly select two groups of subjects and note the cavities they have. Train them in how to brush their teeth. Both groups receive toothpaste, but the experimental group's toothpaste has the additive in it.
Some confounding variables are how they brush their teeth, when and how often they brush. (We try to control this with the training.) However, there are other extraneous factors we might want to be concerned about, like diet and previous history of cavities.
After a specified period, reexamine the subjects to see how many new cavities have developed.
I hope this helps a little more. Thanks for asking.
Ifthe rats are deprived of food then they will run faster.the food is the independent variable. dependent variable is how fast they run.rats that ate verses rats that didn't .the maze must stay the same.
The scientific method are the principles and procedures for the arrangement of pursuit knowledge involving the recognition and the process of a problem, the collection of data through observation and experiment, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses. Or the scientific method could simply means the methods scientist use to solve a problem.
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The steps of the scientific method are as follows:
1. Observation: The first step is to observe and identify a phenomenon or question that you want to investigate. In this case, the phenomenon is the effect of food deprivation on a rat's running speed.
2. Research: Conduct thorough research to gather background information and existing knowledge about the topic. This will help you formulate a hypothesis.
3. Hypothesis: Formulate a testable hypothesis based on your observation and research. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation or prediction for the observed phenomenon. In this case, the hypothesis would be: "If the rats are deprived of food, then they will run faster."
4. Design and Plan Experiment: The next step is to design and plan your experiment. Determine the variables involved, including the independent variable, dependent variable, and any controlled variables. The independent variable is the factor that you manipulate, which in this case is food deprivation. The dependent variable is the observed effect or response, which is the rat's running speed. The controlled variables are factors that need to be kept constant, such as the maze.
5. Experimental and Control Groups: Divide your subjects into two groups - the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group will be deprived of food, while the control group will be fed normally. This allows for comparison and analysis of the effects of food deprivation.
6. Perform the Experiment: Carry out the experiment following your planned design. Ensure that both groups are treated alike, except for the manipulation of the independent variable.
7. Data Collection: Measure and record the data for the dependent variable, which is the running speed of the rats. This can be done by timing how long it takes them to complete a specific distance or by measuring their speed through a tracking method.
8. Data Analysis: Once the data is collected, analyze it to determine if there is a significant difference in running speed between the experimental group and the control group. Statistical methods may be used for analysis.
9. Conclusion: Based on the results of the data analysis, draw conclusions about whether or not the hypothesis is supported. In this case, if the rats in the deprived food group run faster on average compared to the control group, the hypothesis would be supported.
10. Report and Repeat: Finally, communicate your findings by writing a scientific paper or report. This allows other researchers to review and replicate your study. The scientific method is an iterative process, so further experiments or modifications to the experiment may be needed to refine the understanding of the phenomenon.
I hope this helps in understanding the steps of the scientific method and how they can be applied to your specific scenario with rats and food deprivation.